End user protection against ATM keypad overlay

ABSTRACT

Methods, systems, and computer program products for data entry device security are provided. Aspects include receiving an indication of a user presence at a data entry device, wherein the data entry device includes a surface with apertures, and wherein the apertures include a material with a reflection coefficient. A presence of a fraud device is determined by emitting, from beneath the surface, security light from a set of one or more emitters, wherein the security light has a security light luminous power. A reflection of the security light off the material is collected by a first set of one or more sensors, wherein the reflection has a reflection luminous power. A luminous power range is determined based on the security light luminous power and the reflection coefficient and based on the reflection luminous power being outside the luminous power range, security measures are engaged at the data entry device.

DOMESTIC PRIORITY

This application is a continuation of U.S. Non-Provisional applicationSer. No. 16/525,794, filed on Jul. 30, 2019, which is a continuation ofU.S. Non-Provisional application Ser. No. 15/800,183, filed Nov. 1,2017, which is a continuation of U.S. Non-Provisional application Ser.No. 15/652,404, filed Jul. 18, 2017, the contents of which areincorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

The present invention generally relates to automated teller machines(ATM) end user protection, and more specifically, to end user protectionagainst ATM keypad overlay with a device for fraud.

Automated teller machine (ATM) skimming is the process of stealing debitcard information (e.g., PIN numbers) utilizing electronic readingdevices covertly affixed to ATMs. One example is the usage of a keypadoverlay device that rests on top of the ATM keypad. This overlay devicecan record the input of numbers such as an ATM user's personalidentification number or PIN. Once a PIN is obtained from a victim, ascammer can utilize this information to obtain unauthorized cash fromthe victim's account.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the present invention are directed to acomputer-implemented method for data entry security. A non-limitingexample of the computer-implemented method includes receiving, by aprocessor, an indication of a presence of a user at a data entry device,wherein the data entry device includes a surface with one or moreapertures, and wherein the one or more apertures include a material witha reflection coefficient. A presence of a fraud device is determined byemitting, from beneath the surface, security light from a set of one ormore emitters, wherein the security light has a security light luminouspower. A reflection of the security light off the material is collectedby a first set of one or more sensors, wherein the reflection has areflection luminous power. A luminous power range is determined based onthe security light luminous power and the reflection coefficient andbased at least in part on the reflection luminous power being outsidethe luminous power range, one or more security measures are engaged atthe data entry device.

Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a system for dataentry security. A non-limiting example of the system includes receiving,by a processor, an indication of a presence of a user at a data entrydevice, wherein the data entry device includes a surface with one ormore apertures, and wherein the one or more apertures include a materialwith a reflection coefficient. A presence of a fraud device isdetermined by emitting, from beneath the surface, security light from aset of one or more emitters, wherein the security light has a securitylight luminous power. A reflection of the security light off thematerial is collected by a first set of one or more sensors, wherein thereflection has a reflection luminous power. A luminous power range isdetermined based on the security light luminous power and the reflectioncoefficient and based at least in part on the reflection luminous powerbeing outside the luminous power range, one or more security measuresare engaged at the data entry device.

Embodiments of the invention are directed to a computer program productfor data entry security, the computer program product comprising acomputer readable storage medium having program instructions embodiedtherewith. The program instructions are executable by a processor tocause the processor to perform a method. A non-limiting example of themethod includes receiving, by a processor, an indication of a presenceof a user at a data entry device, wherein the data entry device includesa surface with one or more apertures, and wherein the one or moreapertures include a material with a reflection coefficient. A presenceof a fraud device is determined by emitting, from beneath the surface,security light from a set of one or more emitters, wherein the securitylight has a security light luminous power. A reflection of the securitylight off the material is collected by a first set of one or moresensors, wherein the reflection has a reflection luminous power. Aluminous power range is determined based on the security light luminouspower and the reflection coefficient and based at least in part on thereflection luminous power being outside the luminous power range, one ormore security measures are engaged at the data entry device.

Additional technical features and benefits are realized through thetechniques of the present invention. Embodiments and aspects of theinvention are described in detail herein and are considered a part ofthe claimed subject matter. For a better understanding, refer to thedetailed description and to the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The specifics of the exclusive rights described herein are particularlypointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion ofthe specification. The foregoing and other features and advantages ofthe embodiments of the invention are apparent from the followingdetailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawingsin which:

FIG. 1 depicts a cloud computing environment according to one or moreembodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 2 depicts abstraction model layers according to one or moreembodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 3 depicts a block diagram of a computer system for use inimplementing one or more embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 4 depicts a block diagram of a side view of a system for data entrydevice security according to one or more embodiments of the presentinvention;

FIG. 5 depicts a top view of an illustrative example of a data entrydevice according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 6 depicts a diagram of the system when an exemplary fraud overlayis present on the data entry device according to one or more embodimentsof the invention;

FIG. 7 depicts a flow diagram of a method for data entry securityaccording to one or more embodiments of the invention; and

FIG. 8 depicts a flow diagram of a method for data entry securityaccording to one or more embodiments of the invention.

The diagrams depicted herein are illustrative. There can be manyvariations to the diagram or the operations described therein withoutdeparting from the spirit of the invention. For instance, the actionscan be performed in a differing order or actions can be added, deletedor modified. Also, the term “coupled” and variations thereof describeshaving a communications path between two elements and does not imply adirect connection between the elements with no interveningelements/connections between them. All of these variations areconsidered a part of the specification.

In the accompanying figures and following detailed description of thedisclosed embodiments, the various elements illustrated in the figuresare provided with two or three digit reference numbers. With minorexceptions, the leftmost digit(s) of each reference number correspond tothe figure in which its element is first illustrated.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various embodiments of the invention are described herein with referenceto the related drawings. Alternative embodiments of the invention can bedevised without departing from the scope of this invention. Variousconnections and positional relationships (e.g., over, below, adjacent,etc.) are set forth between elements in the following description and inthe drawings. These connections and/or positional relationships, unlessspecified otherwise, can be direct or indirect, and the presentinvention is not intended to be limiting in this respect. Accordingly, acoupling of entities can refer to either a direct or an indirectcoupling, and a positional relationship between entities can be a director indirect positional relationship. Moreover, the various tasks andprocess steps described herein can be incorporated into a morecomprehensive procedure or process having additional steps orfunctionality not described in detail herein.

The following definitions and abbreviations are to be used for theinterpretation of the claims and the specification. As used herein, theterms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,”“having,” “contains” or “containing,” or any other variation thereof,are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, acomposition, a mixture, process, method, article, or apparatus thatcomprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only thoseelements but can include other elements not expressly listed or inherentto such composition, mixture, process, method, article, or apparatus.

Additionally, the term “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as anexample, instance or illustration.” Any embodiment or design describedherein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred oradvantageous over other embodiments or designs. The terms “at least one”and “one or more” may be understood to include any integer numbergreater than or equal to one, i.e. one, two, three, four, etc. The terms“a plurality” may be understood to include any integer number greaterthan or equal to two, i.e. two, three, four, five, etc. The term“connection” may include both an indirect “connection” and a direct“connection.”

The terms “about,” “substantially,” “approximately,” and variationsthereof, are intended to include the degree of error associated withmeasurement of the particular quantity based upon the equipmentavailable at the time of filing the application. For example, “about”can include a range of ±8% or 5%, or 2% of a given value.

For the sake of brevity, conventional techniques related to making andusing aspects of the invention may or may not be described in detailherein. In particular, various aspects of computing systems and specificcomputer programs to implement the various technical features describedherein are well known. Accordingly, in the interest of brevity, manyconventional implementation details are only mentioned briefly herein orare omitted entirely without providing the well-known system and/orprocess details.

It is to be understood that although this disclosure includes a detaileddescription on cloud computing, implementation of the teachings recitedherein are not limited to a cloud computing environment. Rather,embodiments of the present invention are capable of being implemented inconjunction with any other type of computing environment now known orlater developed.

Cloud computing is a model of service delivery for enabling convenient,on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computingresources (e.g., networks, network bandwidth, servers, processing,memory, storage, applications, virtual machines, and services) that canbe rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort orinteraction with a provider of the service. This cloud model may includeat least five characteristics, at least three service models, and atleast four deployment models.

Characteristics are as follows:

On-demand self-service: a cloud consumer can unilaterally provisioncomputing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, asneeded automatically without requiring human interaction with theservice's provider.

Broad network access: capabilities are available over a network andaccessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneousthin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs).

Resource pooling: the provider's computing resources are pooled to servemultiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physicaland virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according todemand. There is a sense of location independence in that the consumergenerally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of theprovided resources but may be able to specify location at a higher levelof abstraction (e.g., country, state, or datacenter).

Rapid elasticity: capabilities can be rapidly and elasticallyprovisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out andrapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the capabilitiesavailable for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can bepurchased in any quantity at any time.

Measured service: cloud systems automatically control and optimizeresource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level ofabstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage,processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can bemonitored, controlled, and reported, providing transparency for both theprovider and consumer of the utilized service.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): the capability provided to theconsumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and otherfundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy andrun arbitrary software, which can include operating systems andapplications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlyingcloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage,deployed applications, and possibly limited control of select networkingcomponents (e.g., host firewalls).

Deployment Models are as follows:

Private cloud: the cloud infrastructure is operated solely for anorganization. It may be managed by the organization or a third party andmay exist on-premises or off-premises.

Community cloud: the cloud infrastructure is shared by severalorganizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns(e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and complianceconsiderations). It may be managed by the organizations or a third partyand may exist on-premises or off-premises.

Public cloud: the cloud infrastructure is made available to the generalpublic or a large industry group and is owned by an organization sellingcloud services.

Hybrid cloud: the cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or moreclouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities butare bound together by standardized or proprietary technology thatenables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting forload-balancing between clouds).

A cloud computing environment is service oriented with a focus onstatelessness, low coupling, modularity, and semantic interoperability.At the heart of cloud computing is an infrastructure that includes anetwork of interconnected nodes.

Referring now to FIG. 1, illustrative cloud computing environment 50 isdepicted. As shown, cloud computing environment 50 comprises one or morecloud computing nodes 10 with which local computing devices used bycloud consumers, such as, for example, personal digital assistant (PDA)or cellular telephone 54A, desktop computer 54B, laptop computer 54C,and/or automobile computer system 54N may communicate. Nodes 10 maycommunicate with one another. They may be grouped (not shown) physicallyor virtually, in one or more networks, such as Private, Community,Public, or Hybrid clouds as described hereinabove, or a combinationthereof. This allows cloud computing environment 50 to offerinfrastructure, platforms and/or software as services for which a cloudconsumer does not need to maintain resources on a local computingdevice. It is understood that the types of computing devices 54A-N shownin FIG. 1 are intended to be illustrative only and that computing nodes10 and cloud computing environment 50 can communicate with any type ofcomputerized device over any type of network and/or network addressableconnection (e.g., using a web browser).

Referring now to FIG. 2, a set of functional abstraction layers providedby cloud computing environment 50 (FIG. 1) is shown. It should beunderstood in advance that the components, layers, and functions shownin FIG. 2 are intended to be illustrative only and embodiments of theinvention are not limited thereto. As depicted, the following layers andcorresponding functions are provided:

Hardware and software layer 60 includes hardware and softwarecomponents. Examples of hardware components include: mainframes 61; RISC(Reduced Instruction Set Computer) architecture based servers 62;servers 63; blade servers 64; storage devices 65; and networks andnetworking components 66. In some embodiments, software componentsinclude network application server software 67 and database software 68.

Virtualization layer 70 provides an abstraction layer from which thefollowing examples of virtual entities may be provided: virtual servers71; virtual storage 72; virtual networks 73, including virtual privatenetworks; virtual applications and operating systems 74; and virtualclients 75.

In one example, management layer 80 may provide the functions describedbelow. Resource provisioning 81 provides dynamic procurement ofcomputing resources and other resources that are utilized to performtasks within the cloud computing environment. Metering and Pricing 82provide cost tracking as resources are utilized within the cloudcomputing environment, and billing or invoicing for consumption of theseresources. In one example, these resources may comprise applicationsoftware licenses. Security provides identity verification for cloudconsumers and tasks, as well as protection for data and other resources.User portal 83 provides access to the cloud computing environment forconsumers and system administrators. Service level management 84provides cloud computing resource allocation and management such thatrequired service levels are met. Service Level Agreement (SLA) planningand fulfillment 85 provides pre-arrangement for, and procurement of,cloud computing resources for which a future requirement is anticipatedin accordance with an SLA.

Workloads layer 90 provides examples of functionality for which thecloud computing environment may be utilized. Examples of workloads andfunctions which may be provided from this layer include: mapping andnavigation 91; software development and lifecycle management 92; virtualclassroom education delivery 93; data analytics processing 94;transaction processing 95; and keypad security 96.

Referring to FIG. 3, there is shown an embodiment of a processing system300 for implementing the teachings herein. In this embodiment, thesystem 300 has one or more central processing units (processors) 21 a,21 b, 21 c, etc. (collectively or generically referred to asprocessor(s) 21). In one or more embodiments, each processor 21 mayinclude a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microprocessor.Processors 21 are coupled to system memory 34 and various othercomponents via a system bus 33. Read only memory (ROM) 22 is coupled tothe system bus 33 and may include a basic input/output system (BIOS),which controls certain basic functions of system 300.

FIG. 3 further depicts an input/output (I/O) adapter 27 and a networkadapter 26 coupled to the system bus 33. I/O adapter 27 may be a smallcomputer system interface (SCSI) adapter that communicates with a harddisk 23 and/or tape storage drive 25 or any other similar component. I/Oadapter 27, hard disk 23, and tape storage device 25 are collectivelyreferred to herein as mass storage 24. Operating system 40 for executionon the processing system 300 may be stored in mass storage 24. A networkadapter 26 interconnects bus 33 with an outside network 36 enabling dataprocessing system 300 to communicate with other such systems. A screen(e.g., a display monitor) 35 is connected to system bus 33 by displayadaptor 32, which may include a graphics adapter to improve theperformance of graphics intensive applications and a video controller.In one embodiment, adapters 27, 26, and 32 may be connected to one ormore I/O busses that are connected to system bus 33 via an intermediatebus bridge (not shown). Suitable I/O buses for connecting peripheraldevices such as hard disk controllers, network adapters, and graphicsadapters typically include common protocols, such as the PeripheralComponent Interconnect (PCI). Additional input/output devices are shownas connected to system bus 33 via user interface adapter 28 and displayadapter 32. A keyboard 29, mouse 30, and speaker 31 all interconnectedto bus 33 via user interface adapter 28, which may include, for example,a Super I/O chip integrating multiple device adapters into a singleintegrated circuit.

In exemplary embodiments, the processing system 300 includes a graphicsprocessing unit 41. Graphics processing unit 41 is a specializedelectronic circuit designed to manipulate and alter memory to acceleratethe creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to adisplay. In general, graphics processing unit 41 is very efficient atmanipulating computer graphics and image processing and has a highlyparallel structure that makes it more effective than general-purposeCPUs for algorithms where processing of large blocks of data is done inparallel.

Thus, as configured in FIG. 3, the system 300 includes processingcapability in the form of processors 21, storage capability includingsystem memory 34 and mass storage 24, input means such as keyboard 29and mouse 30, and output capability including speaker 31 and display 35.In one embodiment, a portion of system memory 34 and mass storage 24collectively store an operating system coordinate the functions of thevarious components shown in FIG. 3.

Turning now to an overview of technologies that are more specificallyrelevant to aspects of the invention, ATM kiosks are a prime target forscammers due to the presence of large amounts of cash. These scammersutilize various techniques to gain access to an ATM user's personalinformation such as a personal identification number (PIN). Somescammers will overlay a device over the data entry device (or keypad) ofan ATM to collect this information from a user without the user'sknowledge. In an effort to combat this type of ATM fraud, ATM keypadscan be equipped to detect the heat from a human finger. However, thisapproach is unhelpful when receiving keypad inputs from an individualwith a prosthetic hand or fingers. Additionally, individuals wearinggloves would be unable to utilize the keypad when direct-heattechnologies are being used to combat ATM skimming. One approach is toutilize light emitted from the keypad to determine if a fraud device isoverlaid onto the keypad. However, fraud devices have evolved to allowlight to pass through the fraud device and allow for the collection ofunauthorized financial information of a user of an ATM.

Turning now to an overview of the aspects of the invention, one or moreembodiments of the invention address the above-described shortcomings ofthe prior art by providing methods, systems, and computer programproducts to protect an end user from keypad overlay devices. Existingsolutions do not provide for detection of overlaid fraud devices onkeypads. Sensors and emitters can be installed at a keypad for an ATM toemit and collect light to determine if a fraud device exists at the ATM.The keypad is arranged with multiple apertures with a translucentmaterial within each aperture. When no fraud device is present, light isemitted from the emitters below the keypad and reflects back a portionof the emitted light. If the reflected portion of the light is within anallowable range, normal operation of the keypad can resume. However, ifa fraud device is overlaid on the keypad, the total reflected light willincrease causing security procedures to be enacted at the keypadincluding but not limited to disabling the keypad.

Turning now to a more detailed description of aspects of the presentinvention, FIG. 4 depicts a diagram of a side view of a system for dataentry device security according to one or more embodiments of theinvention. The system 400 includes a data entry device 402, atranslucent material 404, one or more sensors 408, and one or more lightemitters 410. The one or more sensors 408 and one or more light emitters410 are located below the data entry device 402 and arrange to emitand/or collect light that passes through the translucent material 404.

FIG. 5 depicts a top view of an illustrative example of a data entrydevice according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.The data entry device 402 has multiple apertures 502 and within theapertures 502 is the translucent material 404. The apertures 502 arearranged on the surface of the data entry device 402 so that light maypass through these apertures 502, the light can emanate from both aboveand below the surface of the data entry device 402. The translucentmaterial 404 has a reflection coefficient and a transmissioncoefficient. The reflection coefficient is utilized to calculate anexpected reflectance of any light emitted that reflects off translucentmaterial 404. The transmission coefficient it utilized to calculate anexpected transmittance of any light that passes through a medium (i.e.,the translucent material 404).

Turning back to FIG. 4, the system 400 for data entry device securityoperates to determine whether a fraud device has been overlaid on top ofthe data entry device 402. An example data entry device 402 would be akeypad at an automated teller machine (ATM). A fraud device would bedesigned to avoid detection by a user of a keypad at the ATM. The system400 utilizes security light 412 that is emitted from the one or moreemitters 410 to determine if a fraud device has been overlaid on top ofthe data entry device 402. In FIG. 4, there is no fraud device shown andthe data entry device is in a “good” state. In one or more embodimentsof the invention, the system 400 will receive an indication that a useris present at the data entry device 402. For example, a user may hit a“start” or “begin” button. The system 400 determines if there is a frauddevice overlaid on the date entry device by emitting a security light412 from the emitters 410. The security light 412 passes through thetranslucent material 404 and also reflects back a reflected portion 414of the security light which is collected by the sensors 408. Thesecurity light 412 has a luminous power that is known to the system 400.An expected measurable light reflection value for the security light 412can be determined based on the characteristics of the security light 412and at least the reflection coefficient of the translucent material 404.In one or more embodiments, a range for the expected measurable lightreflection value can be determined based at least in part on theluminous power of the security light 412 and the reflection coefficientof the translucent material 404. The sensors 408 compare the collectedreflected portion 414 to this range to determine if a fraud overlaydevice is present. If the reflected portion 414 luminous power isoutside the expected range, the system 400 has detected a fraud overlaydevice is present. Luminous power (sometimes referred to as “luminousflux”) is the measure of the perceived power of light. Luminous power isone example of a measurement of light. However, in one or moreembodiments, any type of measurement for collection of light by sensorscan be utilized such as, for example, luminous intensity, brightness,luminance, frequency of light, and the like. The sensors 408 can be anytype of photodetector sensors such as, for example, photo-emissivecells, photo-conductive cells, photo-voltaic cells, photo-junctiondevices, and the like. The emitters 410 are not limited to emittingvisible light and can be utilized to emit infrared and ultraviolet lightwith corresponding sensors operable to detect and measure the amount ofinfrared and/or ultraviolet light reflected by the translucent material404.

In one or more embodiments, the system 400 also takes into considerationthe ambient light around the data entry device 402. For example, an ATMkiosk can be located outdoors and be exposed to varying degrees of lightduring the day and night. As such, the system detects ambient light 406which passes through the translucent material 404 and is collected bythe one or more sensors 408. The collected ambient light 416 has aluminous power after passing through the one or more apertures 502 andthe translucent material 404. The collected ambient light 416 canestablish a baseline light for the sensors 408 when collecting thereflected portion 414 of the security light 412. The emitters 410 emitthe security light 412 and a reflected portion 414 is collected by thesensors 408. The total luminous power can be determined based at leastin part on the reflected portion 414 of the security light and thecollected ambient light 416.

A luminous power range is established by the system 400 based at leastin part on the collected ambient light 416 and an expected measurablelight reflection value for the security light 412. The expectedmeasurable light reflection value can be determined based on thecharacteristics of the security light 412 and at least the reflectioncoefficient of the translucent material 404. If the total luminous poweris within the luminous power range, the data entry device 402 canproceed with normal operation with the user. However, if the totalluminous power is outside the luminous power range, one or more securityprocedures can be implemented. The one or more security procedures caninclude actions such as, for example, locking/disabling the data entrydevice, an ATM card reader is disabled, displaying a warning message tothe user via a display screen near the data entry device, an audiowarning message can be transmitted to the user, an electronic messagecan be transmitted to a bank or financial institution alerting them ofthe potential fraud.

FIG. 6 depicts a diagram of the system when an exemplary fraud overlayis present on the data entry device according to one or more embodimentsof the invention. The fraud overlay device 602 can be overlaid on top ofthe data entry device 402 by an unauthorized person. The system 400detects this fraud overlay device 602 by emitting security light fromthe emitters 410. A reflected portion 414 is collected by the sensors408. With the presence of the fraud overlay device 602, an additionalreflected portion 604 is also collected by the sensors 408. As describedabove, the system 400 determines an expected measurable light reflectionvalue. In one or more embodiments, a range for the expected measurablelight reflection value is determined. This range can be created by theowner or operator of the keypad entry device 402 (e.g., ATM). The rangecan be based on a tolerance level developed and adjusted by either theowner/operator or through training of the system 400 utilizing machinelearning algorithms or any other suitable algorithm. In one or moreembodiments, as described above, the ambient light 406 can be consideredby the system 400. The collected ambient light 416 can establish abaseline light for the sensors 408 when collecting the reflected portion414 and the additional reflected portion 604 to determine a totalluminous power. If this total luminous power is outside the expectedrange, then a fraud overlay device 602 may be present and securityprocedures can be implemented.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, the system 400 can allowone or more retries for the user to access the data entry device 402.For example, if a user accidentally blocks a particular aperture 502 onthe data entry device 402, the system 400 can allow a retry so that theuser can still operate the data entry device 402. The number andfrequency of retries can be set by the owner/operator of the data entrydevice 402 or can be trained utilizing machine learning algorithms orany other type of suitable algorithm.

FIG. 7 depicts a flow diagram of a method for data entry securityaccording to one or more embodiments of the invention. The method 700includes receiving, by a processor, an indication of a presence of auser at a data entry device. The data entry device includes a surfacewith one or more apertures, and a material within the apertures having areflection coefficient, as shown at block 702. The method 700 includesdetermining a presence of a fraud device overlaid on the data entrydevice by emitting, from beneath the surface, security light from a setof one or more emitters, wherein the security light has a security lightluminous power, as shown at block 704. The method 700 collects areflection of the security light off the material by the first set ofone or more sensors, as shown at block 706. The reflection has areflection luminous power. The method 700 determines a luminous powerrange based on the security light luminous power and the reflectioncoefficient, as shown at block 708. At block 710, the method 700, basedat least in part on the reflection luminous power being outside theluminous power range, engages one or more security measures at the dataentry device.

Additional processes may also be included. It should be understood thatthe processes depicted in FIG. 7 represent illustrations, and that otherprocesses may be added or existing processes may be removed, modified,or rearranged without departing from the scope and spirit of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 8 depicts a flow diagram of a method for data entry securityaccording to one or more embodiments of the invention. The method 800 at802 beings with an end user of an ATM pressing the “start” or “begin”key. In addition to pressing a button, any other suitable method fordetermining the presence of an end user at an ATM can be utilized. Inone or more embodiments, ambient light is collected from a randomlyselected number of sensors that are arranged under the data entry device402. The number of sensors is randomly selected to increase theeffectiveness of security. The system 400, as block 804, randomlyselects a number that is greater than or equal to one but less than orequal to the total number of sensors around the keypad area, andcollects the amount of ambient light received by the sensors representedby the random number (e.g., for 21 sensors, a random number of 7 willturn on a total of 7 sensors, the turning on is also done at random).The system 400, at block 806, randomly selects a number that is greaterto or equal to one but less than or equal to the total number ofemitters (sometimes referred to as sensors) around the keypad area andemit light. At block 808, the total number of sensors turned on willresult in a measurable amount of ambient light and reflected light to bereturned. The total amount of measured light, relative to the totalnumber of sensors turned on is checked to see if the total measuredlight is expected/within an expected tolerance (i.e., range). If anallowable amount of reflected and ambient light is present, the method800 moves to block 810 and the user transaction continues as normal.However, if an allowable luminous power is not present, the method 800continues to block 812.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, the minimum (min) and themaximum (max) amount of ambient light that can be received by thesensors can be determined during a training period prior to activatingthe data entry device 402. The min and max ambient light values arestored in a storage communicatively coupled to the data entry device 402and is used to determine if the ambient light combined with thereflected light detected is allowable/tolerable. To determine the minand max ambient light baselines, the system 400 is trained to determinea reasonable min/max values for ambient light 416. Reasonable, in thiscontext, can be determined by the owner/operator of the data entrydevice. Ambient light 416 is sampled without the emitting of a securitylight 412. When the ambient light 416 is sampled, the security light 412is emitted and the total light captures is the ambient light 416 and thereflection of the security light 412. (Note, in some cases an additionalreflected light 604 may be collected by the sensors 408). The followingalgorithm can be utilized at block 808, if the sample of ambient light416 is less than the min or greater than the max, then the method 800continues to block 812. Otherwise, a second sample is taken whichincludes the sensor light collected (i.e., 414, and, sometimes, 604). Ifthe sensor light collected minus the ambient light 416, then go to block810 for normal operation of the date entry device. Also, if the sensorlight collected minus the ambient light 416 is within a range (i.e., themargin for error), then go to block 810. Otherwise, the method 800 goesto block 812. At block 812, the method 800 checks to see if a retryoperation is available. If yes, the method 800 retries. If no, themethod 800 continues to block 814 and invokes anti-fraud proceduresand/or processes to protect an end-user from a potential overlay device.

Additional processes may also be included. It should be understood thatthe processes depicted in FIG. 8 represent illustrations and that otherprocesses may be added or existing processes may be removed, modified,or rearranged without departing from the scope and spirit of the presentdisclosure.

The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computerprogram product at any possible technical detail level of integration.The computer program product may include a computer readable storagemedium (or media) having computer readable program instructions thereonfor causing a processor to carry out aspects of the present invention.

The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that canretain and store instructions for use by an instruction executiondevice. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but isnot limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device,an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, asemiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of theforegoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of thecomputer readable storage medium includes the following: a portablecomputer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), aread-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROMor Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portablecompact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD),a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such aspunch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructionsrecorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. Acomputer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construedas being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freelypropagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagatingthrough a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulsespassing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmittedthrough a wire.

Computer readable program instructions described herein can bedownloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computerreadable storage medium or to an external computer or external storagedevice via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, awide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprisecopper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wirelesstransmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/oredge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in eachcomputing/processing device receives computer readable programinstructions from the network and forwards the computer readable programinstructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium withinthe respective computing/processing device.

Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations ofthe present invention may be assembler instructions,instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions,machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions,state-setting data, configuration data for integrated circuitry, oreither source code or object code written in any combination of one ormore programming languages, including an object oriented programminglanguage such as Smalltalk, C++, or the like, and procedural programminglanguages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programminglanguages. The computer readable program instructions may executeentirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as astand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partlyon a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. Inthe latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user'scomputer through any type of network, including a local area network(LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to anexternal computer (for example, through the Internet using an InternetService Provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including,for example, programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gatearrays (FPGA), or programmable logic arrays (PLA) may execute thecomputer readable program instruction by utilizing state information ofthe computer readable program instructions to personalize the electroniccircuitry, in order to perform aspects of the present invention.

Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference toflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus(systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of theinvention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchartillustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in theflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented bycomputer readable program instructions.

These computer readable program instructions may be provided to aprocessor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, orother programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, suchthat the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computeror other programmable data processing apparatus, create means forimplementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructionsmay also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can directa computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or otherdevices to function in a particular manner, such that the computerreadable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises anarticle of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects ofthe function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram blockor blocks.

The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto acomputer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other deviceto cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer,other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computerimplemented process, such that the instructions which execute on thecomputer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement thefunctions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block orblocks.

The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate thearchitecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementationsof systems, methods, and computer program products according to variousembodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in theflowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portionof instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions forimplementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternativeimplementations, the functions noted in the blocks may occur out of theorder noted in the Figures. For example, two blocks shown in successionmay, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks maysometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon thefunctionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of theblock diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocksin the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implementedby special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specifiedfunctions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardwareand computer instructions.

The descriptions of the various embodiments of the present inventionhave been presented for purposes of illustration, but are not intendedto be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Manymodifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skillin the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the describedembodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen to best explain theprinciples of the embodiments, the practical application or technicalimprovement over technologies found in the marketplace, or to enableothers of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodimentsdescribed herein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer-implemented method for determining a presence of a fraud device overlaid on a data entry device, the method comprising: emitting, from beneath a surface of the data entry device, security light from a set of one or more emitters, wherein the security light has a security light luminous power, and wherein the surface comprises one or more apertures; collecting a reflection of the security light off the material by a first set of one or more sensors, wherein the reflection has a reflection luminous power; determining a luminous power range based on the security light luminous power; and based at least in part on the reflection luminous power being outside the luminous power range, engaging one or more security measures at the data entry device.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more apertures include a material having a transmission coefficient and further comprising: collecting ambient light by a second set of one or more sensors, wherein the ambient light passes through one or more apertures of the data entry device; determining a total luminous power based at least in part on the ambient light and the reflection of the security light; deriving a second luminous power range based on the ambient light and the reflection luminosity; and based at least in part on the total luminosity being outside the second luminous power range, engaging one or more security measures at the data entry device.
 3. The method of claim 2 further comprising: based at least in part on the total luminous power being within the second luminous power range, allowing operation of the data entry device.
 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the second set of one or more sensors is randomly selected.
 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more security measures include repeating the determining of the fraud device overlaid on the data entry device.
 6. The method of claim 1 further comprising: based at least in part on the reflection luminous power being within the luminous power range, allowing operation of the data entry device.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the luminous power range includes determining a reflectance based at least in part on the security light and a reflection coefficient of a material within the one or more apertures.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of one or more sensors is randomly selected.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more security measures include repeating the determining of the fraud device overlaid on the data entry device.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the data entry device is associated with financial transactions.
 11. A system for determining a presence of a fraud device overlaid on a data entry device, the system comprising: a memory; a transaction processing terminal having a data entry device that is communicatively coupled to a processor and the memory, wherein the processor is configured to: emit, from beneath a surface of the data entry device, security light from a set of one or more emitters, wherein the security light has a security light luminous power; and wherein the surface comprises one or more apertures; collecting a reflection of the security light off the material by a first set of one or more sensors, wherein the reflection has a reflection luminous power; determining a luminous power range based on the security light luminous power; and based at least in part on the reflection luminous power being outside the luminous power range, engaging one or more security measures at the data entry device.
 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to: collect ambient light by a second set of one or more sensors, wherein the ambient light passes through one or more apertures of the data entry device; determine a total luminous power based at least in part on the ambient light and the reflection of the security light; derive a second luminous power range based on the ambient light and the reflection luminosity; based at least in part on the total luminosity being outside the second luminous power range, engage one or more security measures at the data entry device.
 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to: based at least in part on the total luminous power being within the second luminous power range, allow operation of the data entry device.
 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to: based at least in part on the reflection luminous power being within the luminous power range, allow operation of the data entry device.
 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the determining the luminous power range includes determining a reflectance based at least in part on the security light and a reflection coefficient of a material within the one or more apertures.
 16. A computer program product for determining a presence of a fraud device overlaid on a data entry device comprising a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to perform a method comprising: emitting, from beneath a surface of the data entry device, security light from a set of one or more emitters, wherein the security light has a security light luminous power, and wherein the surface comprises one or more apertures; collecting a reflection of the security light off the material by a first set of one or more sensors, wherein the reflection has a reflection luminous power; determining a luminous power range based on the security light luminous power; and based at least in part on the reflection luminous power being outside the luminous power range, engaging one or more security measures at the data entry device.
 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein the one or more apertures include a material having a transmission coefficient and further comprising: collecting ambient light by a second set of one or more sensors, wherein the ambient light passes through one or more apertures of the data entry device; determining a total luminous power based at least in part on the ambient light and the reflection of the security light; deriving a second luminous power range based on the ambient light and the reflection luminosity; and based at least in part on the total luminosity being outside the second luminous power range, engaging one or more security measures at the data entry device.
 18. The computer program product of claim 17 further comprising: based at least in part on the total luminous power being within the second luminous power range, allowing operation of the data entry device.
 19. The computer program product of claim 16 further comprising: based at least in part on the reflection luminous power being within the luminous power range, allowing operation of the data entry device.
 20. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein the determining the luminous power range includes determining a reflectance based at least in part on the security light and a reflection coefficient of a material within the one or more apertures. 